A Photovoltaic Dual-Electric Module, or hybrid PVT panel, simultaneously generates electricity and thermal energy, significantly improving solar energy utilization compared to standard PV panels.

Overview

A Photovoltaic Dual-Electric Module integrates photovoltaic (PV) cells on the front side to convert sunlight into electricity and a thermal collector on the back side to capture heat energy. This dual-energy approach allows the module to produce both electrical power and usable heat, such as for water heating, building heating, or snow and ice melting in urban infrastructure . By combining these functions, the module achieves a synergistic effect, improving overall solar energy utilization from around 14–19% for single-function modules to nearly 40% for dual-energy systems .

Working Principle

• Photovoltaic Component (PV): Converts sunlight into direct current electricity using semiconductor materials. Advanced PV technologies, such as TOPCon cells, enhance efficiency and durability .
• Thermal Component (T): A heat exchanger or fluid piping system absorbs heat generated by the PV cells and surrounding sunlight. Circulating water or other fluids reduce PV cell temperature, improving electrical efficiency and extending module lifespan .
• Energy Distribution: Multiphysics simulations show that introducing a thermal collector can reduce PV panel temperatures by 10–30°C, enhancing both electrical output and thermal energy capture .

Advantages

• Higher Energy Output: Hybrid PVT panels can produce 6–15 times more total energy than standard PV panels when combining electricity and heat generation .
• Extended PV Lifespan: Heat removal prevents overheating, reducing degradation of PV cells .
• Versatile Applications: Suitable for residential, commercial, and industrial systems, including integration with water heaters, heat pumps, pool heating, and ground-source systems .
• Environmental Benefits: Reduces reliance on fossil fuels, lowers carbon footprint, and mitigates urban heat island effects when integrated into pavements or rooftops .

Real-World Example

The Dualsun SPRING hybrid PVT panel is a commercial example. It features a high-performance PV front (425 Wp) and a solar-grade aluminum heat exchanger on the back (up to 940 W thermal power). The panel is designed for year-round performance, even at low temperatures, and can integrate with brine-water heat pumps to maximize energy output from rooftop surfaces .

Considerations

• Climate Dependence: Performance is optimal in sunny conditions; efficiency decreases on cloudy days .
• System Integration: Requires compatible thermal systems and fluid circulation for heat extraction.
• Cost vs. Benefit: Higher initial costs are offset by increased total energy output and long-term savings on electricity and heating . In summary, Photovoltaic Dual-Electric Modules represent a highly efficient and sustainable solar technology, combining electricity and heat generation to maximize energy utilization, reduce environmental impact, and extend the operational life of solar installations .